C++与Python的tuple对比

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# 创建tuple
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t1 = (1, 2, 3)
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t2 = tuple([4, 5, 6])
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t3 = 1, 2, 3  # 括号可以省略
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single_element = (1,)  # 单元素tuple需要逗号
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# 访问元素
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print(t1[0])     # 1
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print(t1[-1])    # 3 (倒数第一个)
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# 解包
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a, b, c = t1
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print(a, b, c)  # 1 2 3
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# 部分解包
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a, *rest = t1
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print(a, rest)  # 1 [2, 3]
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# 常用操作
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print(len(t1))           # 3
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print(2 in t1)           # True
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print(t1 + (4, 5))       # (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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print(t1 * 2)            # (1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

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# 命名tuple
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from collections import namedtuple
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Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
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p = Point(10, 20)
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print(p.x, p.y)  # 10 20
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# 作为字典键（因为不可变）
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dict_with_tuple = {(1, 2): "value"}
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print(dict_with_tuple[(1, 2)])  # "value"
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# 函数返回多个值
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def get_coordinates():
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    return 10, 20, 30
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x, y, z = get_coordinates()

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#include <tuple>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <string>
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using namespace std;
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int main() {
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    // 创建tuple
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    tuple<int, string, double> t1(1, "hello", 3.14);
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    auto t2 = make_tuple(2, "world", 2.71);
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    // 访问元素
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    cout << get<0>(t1) << endl;  // 1
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    cout << get<1>(t1) << endl;  // "hello"
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    // 解包（C++17）
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    auto [a, b, c] = t1;
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    cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << endl;
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    return 0;
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}

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#include <tuple>
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#include <iostream>
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// 传统解包方式（C++11/14）
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void traditional_unpack() {
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    auto t = make_tuple(1, "hello", 3.14);
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    int a;
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    string b;
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    double c;
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    tie(a, b, c) = t;  // 传统解包
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    cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << endl;
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}
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// 比较操作
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void compare_tuples() {
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    tuple<int, string> t1(1, "apple");
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    tuple<int, string> t2(2, "banana");
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    if (t1 < t2) {
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        cout << "t1 < t2" << endl;
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    }
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}
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// 连接tuple
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template<typename... T1, typename... T2>
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auto tuple_cat_example(tuple<T1...> t1, tuple<T2...> t2) {
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    return tuple_cat(t1, t2);
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}

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#include <tuple>
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#include <vector>
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#include <iostream>
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// 多返回值
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tuple<string, int, string> getUserInfo() {
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    return make_tuple("John", 25, "Developer");
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}
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// 结构化绑定遍历
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void iteratePoints() {
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    vector<tuple<int, int>> points = {
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        make_tuple(1, 2),
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        make_tuple(3, 4),
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        make_tuple(5, 6)
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    };
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    for (const auto& [x, y] : points) {
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        cout << "Point: (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
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    }
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}
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int main() {
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    // 多返回值使用
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    auto [name, age, job] = getUserInfo();
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    cout << name << " is a " << age << " year old " << job << endl;
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    iteratePoints();
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    return 0;
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}